Thursday, October 25, 2007

PR: Employee Relations

Strong Employee Relations Equals Solid Organizations

a. 60 percent of corporate CEOs reported spending more of their time communication with employees

b. Importance of internal communication:

i. The wave of downsizings and layoffs because of technological change→ employees understand that they are expendable, no such thing as “lifetime employment”→ honest internal communication

ii. Widening gulf between the pay of senior officers and common workers

iii. Move toward globalization (geographically dispersed organizations)

iv. Companies that communicate effectively with their workers financially outperform those that don’t.

c. Most important asset= employees= intellectual capital

d. Evidence of a trust gap between management and workers→more effective employee communication narrows this gap

Dealing with the Employee Public

a. No such thing as the “general public”

b. A smart organization will try to differentiate messages according to the many segments in the employee public

c. Employees don’t know where they stand in the eyes of management→ lack understanding→ frustration and problems

Communicating Effectively in a Sea of Doubt

a. 5 principles

i. respect

ii. honest feedback

iii. recognition

iv. a voice

v. encouragement

b. Six criteria

i. Willingness to express dissent

ii. Visibility and proximity of upper management

iii. Priority of internal to external communication

iv. Attention to clarity

v. Friendly tone

vi. Sense of humor

Credibility: the Key

a. Trust in organization would increase if management

i. Communicate earlier and more frequently

ii. Demonstrate trust in employees by sharing bad news as ell as good

iii. Get employees involved in the process by asking for their ideas and opinions

b. Smart companies realize that well-informed employees are the organization’s best goodwill ambassadors.

c. Employees want to be treated as important parts of an organization

SHOC the troops

a. All communication must be strategic

b. All communication must be honest

c. All communication must be open

d. All communication must be consistent

Employee Communications Tactics

a. Internal Communication Audits: in-depth interviews with top management to know what it wants from the communications team and with communicators to know what it thinks management wants (objective analysis of the situation)

b. Online Communications has ushered in a whole new set of employee communication vehicles from e-mail to voice mail to tailored organizational intranets to individual blogs. Such vehicles

c. The Intranet: sites high in visual appeal but low in usefulness will likely be ignored. Prevention by:

i. Consider culture

ii. Set clear objectives and tthen let it evolve

iii. Treat it as a journalistic enterprise

iv. Market

v. Link to outside lives

vi. Senior management must commit

d. Print Publications

i. Assigning stories

ii. Enforcing deadlines

iii. Assigning photos

iv. Editing copy

v. Formatting copy

vi. Ensuring on-time publication

vii. Critiquing

e. Employee Annual Reports: factual, explaining the performance of the organization during the year, and informational, reviewing organizational changes and significant milestone during the year. Typical features:

i. Chief executive’s letter

ii. Use-of-funds statement

iii. Financial condition

iv. Description of the company

v. Social responsibility highlights

vi. Staff financial highlights

vii. Staff financial highlights

viii. Organizational policy

ix. Emphasis on people

f. Bulletin Boards: display of federally required information and policy data for such activities as fire drills and emergency procedures.

g. Suggestion Box and Town Hall Meetings: mounted on each floor and employees often anonymously, deposited their thoughts on how to improve the company and its processes and products. Feed back must be ensured

h. Internal Video

i. Face-to-face Communication: 90 % preferred source

The Grapevine:

rumors circling in the company (layoffs, closing) can hinder the internal communication; but implicating the workforce in decision making can avoid this phenomenon.

Strong Employee Relations Equals Solid Organizations

a. 60 percent of corporate CEOs reported spending more of their time communication with employees

b. Importance of internal communication:

i. The wave of downsizings and layoffs because of technological change→ employees understand that they are expendable, no such thing as “lifetime employment”→ honest internal communication

ii. Widening gulf between the pay of senior officers and common workers

iii. Move toward globalization (geographically dispersed organizations)

iv. Companies that communicate effectively with their workers financially outperform those that don’t.

c. Most important asset= employees= intellectual capital

d. Evidence of a trust gap between management and workers→more effective employee communication narrows this gap

Dealing with the Employee Public

a. No such thing as the “general public”

b. A smart organization will try to differentiate messages according to the many segments in the employee public

c. Employees don’t know where they stand in the eyes of management→ lack understanding→ frustration and problems

Communicating Effectively in a Sea of Doubt

a. 5 principles

i. respect

ii. honest feedback

iii. recognition

iv. a voice

v. encouragement

b. Six criteria

i. Willingness to express dissent

ii. Visibility and proximity of upper management

iii. Priority of internal to external communication

iv. Attention to clarity

v. Friendly tone

vi. Sense of humor

Credibility: the Key

a. Trust in organization would increase if management

i. Communicate earlier and more frequently

ii. Demonstrate trust in employees by sharing bad news as ell as good

iii. Get employees involved in the process by asking for their ideas and opinions

b. Smart companies realize that well-informed employees are the organization’s best goodwill ambassadors.

c. Employees want to be treated as important parts of an organization

SHOC the troops

a. All communication must be strategic

b. All communication must be honest

c. All communication must be open

d. All communication must be consistent

Employee Communications Tactics

a. Internal Communication Audits: in-depth interviews with top management to know what it wants from the communications team and with communicators to know what it thinks management wants (objective analysis of the situation)

b. Online Communications has ushered in a whole new set of employee communication vehicles from e-mail to voice mail to tailored organizational intranets to individual blogs. Such vehicles

c. The Intranet: sites high in visual appeal but low in usefulness will likely be ignored. Prevention by:

i. Consider culture

ii. Set clear objectives and tthen let it evolve

iii. Treat it as a journalistic enterprise

iv. Market

v. Link to outside lives

vi. Senior management must commit

d. Print Publications

i. Assigning stories

ii. Enforcing deadlines

iii. Assigning photos

iv. Editing copy

v. Formatting copy

vi. Ensuring on-time publication

vii. Critiquing

e. Employee Annual Reports: factual, explaining the performance of the organization during the year, and informational, reviewing organizational changes and significant milestone during the year. Typical features:

i. Chief executive’s letter

ii. Use-of-funds statement

iii. Financial condition

iv. Description of the company

v. Social responsibility highlights

vi. Staff financial highlights

vii. Staff financial highlights

viii. Organizational policy

ix. Emphasis on people

f. Bulletin Boards: display of federally required information and policy data for such activities as fire drills and emergency procedures.

g. Suggestion Box and Town Hall Meetings: mounted on each floor and employees often anonymously, deposited their thoughts on how to improve the company and its processes and products. Feed back must be ensured

h. Internal Video

i. Face-to-face Communication: 90 % preferred source

The Grapevine:

rumors circling in the company (layoffs, closing) can hinder the internal communication; but implicating the workforce in decision making can avoid this phenomenon.

Tuesday, October 23, 2007

PR: Electronic Media Relations

24/7 television news

a. after the terrorist attacks on America inn 2001, 80% of Americans relied primarily on television for coverage of the unfolding drama.

b. The credit for the rise of television news around the world has been the growth of the Cable News Network (CNN), the brainchild of controversial entrepreneur Ted Turner.

c. The “dumbing down” of the television news has put added pressure on public relations people to deal cautiously when contemplating coverage of the organizations they represent.

Handling television interviews

a. Do prepare

b. Do be yourself

c. Do be open and honest

d. Do be brief

e. Do play it straight

f. Do dress for the occasion

g. Don’t assume the interviewer is out to get you

h. Don’t think everything you say will be aired

i. Don’t let interviewer dominate

j. Don’t say “no comment”

k. Do stop

Video News Releases

a. The best VNRs are those that cover breaking news: a pres conference or news announcement that broadcasters would cover themselves if they had the resources.

b. Without breaking news angle, VNRs are delivered by cassette to broadcasters and are more timeless in terms of content

c. Before a VNR is attempted ask these questions:

i. What is reasonable expectation of a VNR?

ii. How should a VNR be distributed?

iii. Are you out of luck if a VNR doesn’t get picked up?

iv. How important is it to localize a VNR?

v. Do al stations use VNRs?

vi. What makes a good VNR?

vii. What kind if subjects should VNR treat?

viii. When is a VNR not appropriate?

ix. How much should a VNR cost?

d. VNR= fake news, PR just fake it mentality, covert propaganda

e. The fact remains that if an organization has a dramatic and visual story, using VNR properly labeled may be most effective and compelling way to convey its message to millions of people.

IV. Sattelite Media tours

a. Definition: series of preset, direct, live interviews, conducted via sattelite, between an organization’s spokesperson and television station personalities across the nation or around the world.

b. SMT originates with a subject speaking from one location, who is then whisked electronically from station where he or she enjoys on air, one on one discussion.

c. With or without a celebrity a successful SMT relies on the immediate relevance of an organization’s issue and message

i. Defining objectives

ii. Pitching the SMT

iii. Last-minute juggling

iv. Sattelite time

v. B-roll: background footage

vi. Availability of dedicated phone lines

vii. Spokespersons briefing

viii. Consider controversy

ix. Avoid becoming too commercial

Public Service Announcements

a. Definition: television or adio commercial, usually 10 or 60 seconds long, that is broadcast at no cost to the sponsor.

b. The spread of local cable television stations has expanded the opportunity for placing PSA on the air

c. Because broadcast and cable station survive on advertising and PSA are free, precious little time is devoted to them.

d. Public affairs: information for environmental or public policy issues

e. Public relations: information about free of charge government, association, ot corporate services

f. Marcom: information about safety, health, or lifestyle issues within a context that allows brand identification and even promotion of products and services in a generic way.

g. Three primary criteria in determining which PSA make the aire

i. Sponsorship

ii. Relevance of the message to the community

iii. Message design

Growth of Talk Radio

a. With many downsized and outsized American working from home and many others on the road, the radio has retuned as a primary communication medium

b. Part of the appeal of talk radio is that it offers almost every shade of opinion. It’s unfiltered → there is no reporter interceding between the listener and the speaker

c. Purer than other methods

d. Securing radio publicity

i. Radio is effective for PR people because of the sheer number of radio outlets in the US

ii. Penetrating the radio market

1. String focused message

2. Localization

3. Timeliness

Wednesday, October 10, 2007

The Proposal of Global communication Project:

Global communication and propaganda

The American embassy is one of the most active embassies in morocco. It was established since the independence of Morocco in 1956. The history of the Moroccan American relationship was characterized by mutual friendship. After the 11th of September, the war in Iraq and Afghanistan; the American image in the Arab world has changed. The hatred toward the United States has risen among Arab and Islamic peoples. The American foreign policy of the United States has been trying to change this image and decrease the hatred by following various communication strategies. The American embassy in morocco is one of the best case studies in using these communication strategies. Nevertheless; these communication strategies are seen by many people as propaganda no more no less. Moreover, these people think that this propaganda is useless if the American foreign policy doesn’t change toward the Arab and Islamic world.

Can these communication strategies be considered as a part of public diplomacy or as propaganda?

And if it is propaganda, how can it be useful taking the Morocco as a case study?

In this project we will try to define what propaganda is. Also I will try to find out what is the difference between propaganda and public diplomacy. Then I will see if the American embassy in Morocco is doing public diplomacy or propaganda. At the same time I will find out what are the main strategies of the American embassy in Morocco in winning the minds and hearts of Moroccans. Finally, I will try to reflect of the findings by giving some analytical critiques.

The GOLOBAL COM:Transnational Media Corporation and the Economics of Global Competition.

The Transnational Media Corporation and the Economics of Global Competition.
Outline
Introduction.
The Transnational Media Corporation.
The Purpose of a Global Media Strategy.
Transnational Media Ownership.
Transnational Media and the Marketplace of Ideas.

Introduction
The transnational corporation (TNC) as a system of organization, represents a natural evolution beyond the multinational corporation of the 1960 and 1970s.
The Transnational Media Corporation
The Principal
Commodity sold by
TNMC is information
and entertainment.
The Transnational Media Corporation.
TNMC is the most powerful economic force for global media activity in the world today.
It is a necessary component of global capitalism.
The Transnational Media Corporation
Nowadays, TNMC are highly global in their approach to business; however, few companies operate in all markets of the world.
TNMCs are monolithic in their approach to business: case study: the Sony Corporation.


The Purpose of a Global Media Strategy.
Most companies do net set plans to become an international company. On the other hand, it establishes a foreign office to handle the sales and services of its product.
Later, the company begins to recognize the need for a more comprehensive global strategy.
Transnational Media Ownership
The decades of the 1990s and early 21st century witnessed an unprecedented level of international mergers and acquisitions.
This dynamic resulted in a consolidation of international media players in all aspects of business.
Figure 4.1 p 62: World’s Biggest Transnational Media Corporation (6 from USA/ 8).
Mergers, Acquisitions and Strategic Alliances
TNMCs are taking advantages of deregulatory and privatization trends to make ever-larger combinations.
The field of media and telecommunication started in 1995 undergoing ipso facto a new round of corporate consolidation.
The goal of mergers acquisitions and strategic alliances is to possess the size and resources necessary in order to compete on a global playing field.
Mergers
In a merger transaction, two companies are combined into one company. The newly formed company assumes the assets and liabilities of both companies (Ozanich & Wirth, 1998).
Example of Time Inc. And Warner Communication merger in 1989 to form Time Warner Inc.
Acquisitions
An acquisition involves the purchase of one company by another company for purpose of enhancing the acquiring firm’s productive strategy.
During an acquisition, one company acquires the operating assets of another company in exchange for cash and/or security.
Example of Viacom’s 1999 decision to purchase CBS for $37 billion.
Strategic Alliances
A strategic alliance is a business relationship in which two or more companies work to achieve a collective advantage.
The strategic alliance can vary in its approach and design, ranging from a simple licensing agreement to the actual combining of physical resources.
Example of the Walt Disney’s licensing agreement with Tokyo Disneyland in Japan.
When Mergers and Acquisitions Fail…
A failed merger or acquisition can be highly disruptive to both company in terms of lost revenue, capital debt and a decrease in job performance.
The inevitable result is the elimination of staff and operations, as well as the potential for bankruptcy.

The 4 Reasons Explaining Mergers and Acquisitions’ Failures (a).
1)- The Lack of a Compelling Strategic Rationale: Unrealistic expectations of complementary strengths and presumed synergies by both companies.

2)- Failure to Perform Due Diligence: The merging parties fail to perform due diligence prior to the merger agreement.
The 4 Reasons Explaining Mergers and Acquisitions’ Failures (b).
3)- Post-merger Planning and Integration Failures: if the proposed merger does not include an effective plan for combining divisions with similar products, the duplication can be a source of friction (turf wars, managers’ division) rather than synergy.
4)- Financing and the Problem of Excessive Debt: In order to finance the merger or acquisition, some companies will assume major amounts of debt through short-term loans. If performance does not meet the expectations, (sigh!)…
Transnational Media and the Marketplace of Ideas
The TNMC of 21st century is looking to position itself as full-service provider of media and telecommunications products and service worldwide .
Transitional Media and Consolidation
Economic Concentration: A market is said to be highly concentrated if it is dominated by a limited of firms  No Competition


Albarran and Miszerwksi: Two ways to examine the problem of media concentration:
1 : Single-industry concentration:
Ex: -Microsoft (80% the world PC software)
- News corporation Ltd (70% of the world’s market share in satellite-to-home delivery)
2 : Cross-media ownership:
Ex: - Viacom Inc:
Broadcast television (CBS,UPN)
Cable television programming (MTV, Nickelodeon, Bet, etc)
Film production ( Paramount)
Radio ( Infinity Broadcasting)
The Deregulation Paradox
Deregulation is supposed to encourage competition
But, complete and unfettered Deregulation cause a lack of competition.
Demers (1990) refers to it as ‘Great Paradox of Capitalism’
Clear Chanel of Communication owns 60% of all US radio.
The Market Place of Ideas
Bagdikian (1990), McChesney(1997,2004), Schiller (1990) argued that a small number of dominant media corporations exercises disproportionate effect over the market place of ideas.
TNMC should be treated differently from other TNC because its unique ability to influence public opinion.

McChesney (1997) argues:
‘ A specter now haunts the world; a global commercial media system dominated be small number of super-powerful, mostly US based transitional media corporations. It is a system that works to advance cause of the global market and promote commercial values, while denigrating journalism and culture not conductive to the immediate bottom line or long run corporate interest’ (p.11)
Counter argument
Proliferation of telecommunication diversity means just Low-brow shows, trash journalism
Global Competition and Diffusion of Ideas
Domination of corporation
Increase profit and decrease cost
No Regulation/ No self regulation
=> promote violence and lower the standards of quality journalism
TNMC vs TNCs:
TNMC’ commodity is information > Responsibility > ethical code
TNMCS and Nation-States
Globalization
No more boundaries
=> Free Trade advantages
=> challenges political sovereignty and privacy invasion ( cultural)
Both the host nation and the TNMC have a shared responsibility to build a system of globalization that is both desirable and sustainable.

PR: Research

Outline
What is research ?
Principles of PR research
Types of PR research
Methods of PR research
Evaluation

What is research?

Research as an essantial first step
Research is the systematic collection and interpretation of information to increase understanding

Principles of PR Research
Setting Objectives
Measuring PR short and long term outcomes
Measuring media content
Combining techniques
Comparing PR and advertising
PR effectiveness

Applied Research
Strategic research
Determine objectives
Develop message strategies
Establish benchmarks
Evaluative research
Determine whether a PR program has accomplished its goals


Theoretical research
Build theories about:
Why people communicate
How public opinion is formed
How a public is created

Secondary Research
Methods of PR Research
Surveys:
Descriptive Surveys:
Snapshot of a current situation or condition
Ex: typical public opinion poll
Explanatory Surveys
Cause and Effects
Why?


Surveys


Sample(1)


Sample(2)


The Questionnaire
Keep it short
Use structured rather that open ended Questions
Measure intensity of feeling
Don’t use fancy words or words that has more than one meaning
Don’t ask loaded questions
Don’t ask double barred questions
Pretest
The Questionnaire (2)
Attach a letter explaining how important the respondents answers are, and let recipients know that they will remain anonymous
Hand-stamp the envelops, preferably with unique commemorative stamps
Follow up your first mailing
Send out more questionnaires than you think necessary
Enclose rewards
Interviews
Focus groups:
Objective and audience
Recruit your groups
Choose the right moderator
Conduct enough focus groups
Use a discussion guide
Choose a proper facilities
Keep a tight rein on the observer
Consider using an outside help

Interviews (2)
Telephone Interviews:
Mail Interviews
Drop-off Interviews
Intercept Interviews
Delphi Panels
Internet Interviews
Results Analysis
Validity and reliability
Level of statistical significance associated with margin of errors
Before recommendation

Evaluation
There are four tools to measure PR outcomes:
Awareness and comprehension measurment
Recall and retention measurement
Attitude and preference measurment
Behavior measurement

PR: project: PJD and Electoral Campaign 2007

PJD and Electoral Campaign 2007

The Justice and Development Party (PJD) became, after September 2007 election, the second main party in Morocco. From 42 out of 325 seats in 2002, the PJD won 46 out of 325 seats, behind the Istiqlal Party, which won 52 in the parliamentary election held on 7 September 2007. The PJD was even expected to take leading position based on the august poll. The 2007 election revealed on large popularity that the PJD has in the Moroccan society. This popularity drive us to question how could this young party win all this credibility. How could the PJD persuade Moroccans to vote for it? How was its electoral campaign look like?

In this project I will try to analyze and evaluate the electoral campaign of PJD as one of successful campaigns in persuading Moroccan voters.

The theory used in this research project is concentric-circle theory, developed by pollster Elmo Roper. According to Fraser P.Seitel in his book ‘The practice of Public relations’ this theory claimed that ideas are transmitted gradually from the core to the periphery. In another word, the ideas are transmitted gradually from the leaders to the large public. We assume that the PJD capaign model was near to concentric-circle theory model.

To conduct this research we will try to interview three main persons:

Dr Saaddin Al Othmani: The general secretary of PJD

Dr BenKhalddon: Public relations responsible of PJD

The manager of ‘Ciel Momarock’: the advertising company that was responsible of the electoral campaign of the PJD

In these interviews I will try to know how the PJD campaign was. What were the means and channels used to persuade the voters? What were the main targets audiences? Were the results satisfying the objectives set for the campaign? Beside the interviews will try to look for information about the campaign from news articles, videos, governmental and nongovernmental agencies.

The PJD electoral results were high. This level would basically give us the impression that the campaign was successful. In this research I will try to analyze the campaign deeply and evaluate its effectiveness. I will try to find if there are any limitations and weakness in this campaign. I will finally try to bring some recommendation for better campaign in the future based on my analysis and evaluation. I will try to present this research in the form of a TV report for a better understanding for this issue.

Assignment 2 ( Global Communication)

objectivity of the media is an essential notion that is highly demanded from the global audience. however; achieving this objectivity in a single media organization seems to be impossible. Media organization try to reflect it own point of view depends on the sponsors. For this reason big player in political and economic life are trying to defend their images by creating new media orgasms. this exactly what happened with the new French media channel , it would broadcast news Through French eyes.
it might seem subjective and bias! but almost all media are so! however i think personaly that the diversity of these organizations will create a balance in the media area. this balance will create a sort of objectivity by leaving the audience critically juge