i would like to inform you that the linked that i informed you by in my research paper can't be accessible unless you are a member of facebook.
I would like to tell you that i will be more than happy to get your comment about
the topic and the video:
the link is
http://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=2805650732&ref=share
Saturday, December 1, 2007
Assignment 4 ( Global Communication)
soft power : its a a new term in the 20th century, to describe the new kind of power used to influence and to change other nations behaviors and minds. 'soft' deals mainly with nonviolent means such us the power of information and diplomacy. Propaganda is another term for political advertising on behalf of the state or a political movement. Public diplomacy is a somewhat different-- it is when a state tries to explain, justify and promote its perspective to non-citizens.
write why Hughes has resigned from her job:
I think that the main reason behind her resignation is that the public diplomacy of the united state is more oriented toward propaganda and manipulation which make her job harder in terms of gaining the trust of the world community.Wednesday, November 21, 2007
CHAPTER: Propaganda and propaganda
Global communication and propaganda
Propaganda has to do with the use of communication channels, through known persuasive or manipulative techniques, in an n attempt to shape or alter public opinion.
The use of propaganda
The government leaders, with intent to mold public opinion on international issues that have bearing on a country and its people, often use its techniques. The use of propaganda is in attempts to influence matters abroad, normally to reinforce a country’s public actions or policies, or perhaps to change or reinforce perceptions of a country, its citizens, or its reputation among individuals elsewhere in the world. nongovernmental entities may seek access to global communication channels in order to sway public opinion or affect public policy formation.
The purpose of propaganda is to persuade and convert by using intentionally selective and biased information
Origins of Propaganda
a. The origins of the term propaganda may be traced to the 17th century. It was used in condemnation of clandestine organizations that attempted to undermine or influence foreign affairs.
b. Lipmann and Lasswell: manipulation was necessary for managing individual in democratic societies; propaganda to mold public opinion for the support of a democratic society.
Seeking a Definition
a. Propaganda is a phenomenon of public discourse guidance or coercion that is not always immediately recognized as harmful.
b. Propaganda has to do with the use of communication channels, through known persuasive or manipulative techniques, in an attempt to shape or alter public opinion.
Propaganda and Public Relations
a. Instead of propaganda, many prefer to use terms such as public relations, publicity, promotion, marketing, public affairs, and advertising
b. The constant use and misuse of the term has led to further confusion so that today the term has diminished importance and impact.
c. Hegel: even democratic societies might be controlled through hidden persuaders and manipulators
d. Creel: propaganda was in fact a useful tool for democratic government
e. Dewey: propaganda could be camouflage as news
f. With indication of such widespread management of public opinion formation in the domestic market, we are reminded of how fine a line exists between propaganda and public relations efforts generally.
Public Diplomacy
a. It is a truthful propaganda. The key is the communicator’s intent in such a process→ public diplomacy is therefore nothing more than public relations
b. Public diplomacy became very closely associated with activities emanating from the United State Information Agency since that organization used the term when describing its mission.
c. Since 1999, the USIA was disbanded; however, the concept of the public diplomacy continued and is largely embraced in the United State Department of State.
d. The objectives of those involved in public affairs communication are to inform and influence public opinion intentionally.
Research Persuasion
a. Propaganda research originated near the end of the First World War and was concerned with understanding the effects of the mass media propaganda upon populations subjected to it
b. In persuasion studies, the literature tends to be differentiated between one-sided messages that offer arguments in favor of the perspective being promoted and two-sided messages where both favorable and bipolar sides of an argument are given.
c. Communication campaigns could indeed have a positive effect regarding general knowledge on the war.
d. Two sided arguments were found to be more effective than one sided approaches
e. Prolonged and repeated exposure to specific forms of propaganda might have a marked effect on basic core values held by subjects
f. When subjects possessed greater knowledge on a topic, the one-sided approaches where both less effective in enacting attitude change
g. When subjects possess greater knowledge on a topic, both the one-sided and two-sided approaches are less effective in producing attitude change.
h. Bucket theories argue that subjects cannot resist the mass mediated manipulation because of its innate appeal.
Wartime Propaganda
a. Propaganda was important to mobilize hatred of the enemy, preserve friendship of allies, procure friendship of allies, procure the cooperation of neutral nations, and demoralize the enemy.
Strategies of a Propaganda Campaign
a. Name-calling: the use of labels to project an idea in a favorable or unfavorable light. Its purpose is also to discourage individuals from examining substantive evidence on an issue.
b. Glittering Generality: the tendency to associate and issue or image with a noble or virtuous term. Purpose= arouse both faith and respect in listeners and readers
c. Image Transfer: when one takes the power, respect, or good reputation bestowed on an existing entity or concept, and then attempts to share these positive qualities through association with a product, individual, or position, the perpetrator is hoping to benefit from it.
d. Testimonial: when a distinguished or recognized but highly unpopular person is used to cast a product, individual, position in either a positive or negative light.
e. Plain Folks: when a communicator wishes to convince others that they or their ideas are good or valid since they are similar to everyone else, just everyday ordinary people.
f. Card Staking: when a presentation uses a selection of facts and distortions, elucidations and confusions, and both logical and illogical statements.
g. Bandwagon Approach involves utilization of a notion that “everybody is doing it” or “we are al doing it” so that group members are encouraged to just join or follow the crowd.
Modern use of propaganda
a. The long running Cold War was often central to activities as we saw governmental efforts to produce propaganda continue in the aftermath of the Second World War (social guidance films)
Terrorism as Propaganda
a. Governments continue to be major users of propaganda in the delivery of messages, but another player has emerged that has found propaganda quite effective for its campaigns and as tool in public opinion formation.
b. When engaged in by governments, we normally call it state terrorism. When the messages emanates from a nongovernmental group, it is called non-state terrorism.
c. Public sentiment in the meantime will be influenced by rhetoric, and there is little debate that all sides are trying to influence world opinion.
Addressing Terrorism
a. The real solution to terrorism is to address the heart of the problem: global inequities and the imbalance of power.
b. While other terrorist groups will undoubtedly emerge, the likelihood of this occurring might diminish is we turn our attention to the political, social and economical problems of these countries.
Conclusion
a. Propaganda is a long-established communication technique employed for public opinion manipulation.
b. Advances in technologies have made propaganda even more persuasive.
Tuesday, November 20, 2007
Global Communication Project:
Propaganda vs. Public Diplomacy:
- Introduction:
Public diplomacy and propaganda as a misleading term in our current time:
Examples
- theoretical framework: lit review
- what is public diplomacy
- what is propaganda
- what is difference between them
- History of
- It purposes (public diplomacy side): (interviews)
- Achievements (interviews)
- Communication strategies( interviews)
- based on the theoretical frame work
- how can we define the work of
- critiques ( success of these strategies)
- can Moroccan trust them
- Coherence between what us promote and what is doing in international political life.
Friday, November 16, 2007
Propaganda Vs Public Diplomacy:
Between Theory and Practice
The political international history was driven by different powers that have been changed over time. In the past, the physical power was the focal determinant of a nation’s strength and ability to control. From the sword to bombs, Weapons have been the bone of international political language of the stronger. Nowadays, physical weapons are not enough. The modern international politics has embraced the use of information to support national interests.
The sophisticated use of ‘information’ as a political ‘competitive advantage’ seems to be a new idea; however, Niccolo Machiavelli has mentioned it five centuries ago in his advice to Renaissance princes. The Technological changes through history affected the changes in the use of information in political sphere especially during the World War II and the Cold War that followed, especially between the east and the west (at that time). The electronic changes during and after these periods was spurred by the greater availability of electronic technologies such as radio, television, software and internet. The technological revolution has shaped the way of international politics that is characterized now by the use of information as weapon. Under these enormous changes, foreign politicises of many countries has changed. Nowadays, many big debates have risen about different terms that are related to the foreign politics in general such us propaganda. In this paper we will try to discuss the concept of propaganda as it is used presently.
1. What is the definition of propaganda and public diplomacy?
2. What is the difference between propaganda and public diplomacy in terms of theory and practice in the real world?
3. How can you describe the
What is propaganda?
The funk and Wagnall dictionary defined it in 4 ways:
- a society of cardinals, the overseers of foreign missions; also the College of Propaganda at Rome founded by Pope Urban VIII in 1627 for education of missionary priests; Sacred College de Propaganda Fide.
- Hence, any institution or scheme for propagating a doctrine or system.
- Effort direct systematically toward the gaining of public support for an opinion or a course of action.
- The principles advanced by propaganda.
The scientific American, repeated the same previous old definitions, moreover it added that that propaganda in it old meaning has perfect legitimacy of human activity. “Any society, whether it is social, religious or political, which is possessed of certain beliefs, and sets out to make them known, either by the spoken or written words, is in practicing propaganda.”
As Edward Bernays said in his book ‘propaganda’ (52), “the modern propaganda is a consistent, enduring effort to create or shape events to influence the relations of the public to an enterprise, idea or group (…) propaganda does exist on all sides of us, and it does change our mental picture of the world”
As defined in the book of Global communication, written by Yahya. R. kamalipour; Propaganda has to do with the use of communication channels, through known persuasive or manipulative techniques, in an attempt to shape or alter public opinion.
The purpose of Propaganda:
The purpose of propaganda is to persuade and convert by using intentionally selective and biased information.
What are the used strategies of Propaganda?
As stated in the book of Global communication, written by Yahya. R. kamalipour; strategies of public diplomacy are:
a. Name-calling: the use of labels to project an idea in a favorable or unfavorable light. Its purpose is also to discourage individuals from examining substantive evidence on an issue.
b. Glittering Generality: the tendency to associate and issue or image with a noble or virtuous term. Purpose is to arouse both faith and respect in listeners and readers
c. Image Transfer: when one takes the power, respect, or good reputation bestowed on an existing entity or concept, and then attempts to share these positive qualities through association with a product, individual, or position, the perpetrator is hoping to benefit from it.
d. Testimonial: when a distinguished or recognized but highly unpopular person is used to cast a product, individual, position in either a positive or negative light.
e. Plain Folks: when a communicator wishes to convince others that they or their ideas are good or valid since they are similar to everyone else, just everyday ordinary people.
f. Card Staking: when a presentation uses a selection of facts and distortions, elucidations and confusions, and both logical and illogical statements.
g. Bandwagon Approach involves utilization of a notion that “everybody is doing it” or “we are al doing it” so that group members are encouraged to just join or follow the crowd.
What is Public Diplomacy?
As argued by Professor Jarol Manheim, Public diplomacy is the management of perceptions” in ways that “facilitate the achievement of a foreign policy objectives.
Diplomat Christopher Ross describes public diplomacy as an art through which practitioners seek support of “carefully targeted sectors of foreign publics” for a government’s “strategic goals.”
As defined in the book of Global communication, written by Yahya. R. kamalipour; Public diplomacy became very closely associated with activities emanating from the United State Information Agency since that organization used the term when describing its mission.
Since 1999, the USIA was disbanded; however, the concept of the public diplomacy continued and is largely embraced in the United State Department of State. The objectives of those involved in public affairs communication are to inform and influence public opinion intentionally.
To understand the definition of public diplomacy, we have to look at it from practical perspective as it was described by the
As described by US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice,
“The time has come to look anew at our institutions of public diplomacy. We must do much more to confront hateful propaganda, dispel dangerous myths and get out the truth.
We must increase our exchanges with the rest of the world. We must work closer than ever with educational institutions, the private sector and nongovernmental organizations and we must encourage our citizens to engage the world to learn foreign languages, to understand different cultures and to welcome others into their homes. And to be successful we must listen. An important part of telling
We can conclude three main ideas that can define the modern Public Diplomacy from an American perspective:
1. To increase the exchanges with the rest of the world.
2. To listen
3. To be close with educational institutions, the private sector and nongovernmental organizations.
What is the definition of propaganda and public diplomacy?
According to an E-interview, done with Dr. Jack Kalpakien, Propaganda is another term for political advertising on behalf of the state or a political movement. Public diplomacy is a somewhat different. It is when a state tries to explain, justify and promote its perspective to non-citizens. Dr Jack Kalpakien added that all countries, including the
Just to reflect on the definition of both terms from a professor of political science we still have this overlap between the two definitions. Dr Jack Kalpakien, said that propaganda is political advertising, on the other hand; he said that Public diplomacy is a somewhat different. It is when a state tries to explain, justify and promote its perspective to non-citizens.
So what is difference between advertising and promotion? Maybe if we can find the difference between then we would then understand the difference between propaganda and public diplomacy.
According to the New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, advertising is: ‘Make an announcement in a public place; describe or present goods publicly with a view to promoting sales.’ Right after that we find advertisement defined as: ‘A public announcement (formerly by the town-crier, now usually in newspapers, on posters, by television, etc.).’
If advertising is meant to encourage consumers to ‘turn towards’ a brand, what is the traditional function of promotion? As found in the New Shorter OED, a promotion is ‘helps forward’. This definition is quite consistent with the Latin root of promotion, ‘promovere’. Roughly translated, this means ‘move forward’.
Therefore, the basic difference between advertising and promotion is that advertising is strategically more long term, ‘turning’ the consumer towards the brand by creating positive brand attitude, while promotion is more short term, focusing on immediate sales.
Based on these two definitions of advertising and promotion, and as Propaganda is related to advertising, while public diplomacy is related to promotion; we can say that propaganda has a long term objective in order to persuade and change peoples minds, while public diplomacy deals short objective to achieve the same goal.
In brief, both public and diplomacy meant to change people’s mind and behaviors to serve a country interest. As discussed in the book of Global communication, written by Yahya R. kamalipour; the best public diplomacy practitioners know that listening and dialogue are keys to persuasion. Therefore it can be a face of propaganda. The key is the communicator’s intent in such a process, public diplomacy is therefore nothing more than Propaganda.
For the American government, as stated by Condoleezza Rice, “We must do much more to confront hateful propaganda, dispel dangerous myths and get out the truth”. For the American government, theoretically, the propaganda is manipulating tool that is based on myths and lies. However, public diplomacy consists of telling the Truth.
How can you describe the
According to an E-interview, done with Dr. Jack Kalpakien; Dr. Jack Kalpakien thinks that all countries, including the
1. The overlap in terms of theory:
· Both propaganda and public diplomacy have the same purpose: persuading people to follow certain policy or not contradict this policy.
· The both can use the same strategies but without telling lies in ‘public diplomacy’:
i. Name-calling:
ii. Glittering Generality:
iii. Image Transfer:
iv. Testimonial:
v. Plain Folks:
vi. Card Staking: ( except using illogical statements)
vii. Bandwagon Approach
2. The overlap in terms of practice:
well in the real world we find that the both terms aims to persuade using different means even if these mean can be misleading and unethical.
Lies in American point of view, can be replaced by ‘perception of truth’, so this government can hide the truth or changes under the umbrella of the misleading term ‘perception of truth’:
Real examples of American propaganda or public diplomacy:
As a real example of public diplomacy of the
The American embassy is one of the most active embassies in morocco. It was established since the independence of
Can these communication strategies be considered as a part of public diplomacy or as propaganda?
Back to the main three means of public diplomacy that are mentioned by Condoleezza Rice:
- To increase the exchanges with the rest of the world.
- To listen
- To be close with educational institutions, the private sector and nongovernmental organizations.
To analyse these three main ideas, let’s first start by breaking down the sentences. Let’s start with first sentence:
- To increase the exchanges with the rest of the world: well the first part of the sentence (increase the exchange) and the second part (with the rest of the world) contradict themselves in terms of meaning and interpretations. Exchange means according to Merriam Webmaster dictionary, is the act of giving or taking one thing in return for another. To perform the act of exchanging, it is necessary that the both parties should stand in equal position and give and take the same amount of the thing. This act cannot be occurring correctly in the real world since the parties are not equal. Also, we usually find that the stronger take more than it gives. The world ‘rest’ in playing a big controversy. Rest means the remaining; this language emphasizes the importance of the core POWER (USA), and the remaining of the world which is the semi periphery and periphery. This interpretation can be inspired from the use of the word in the book of ‘
- To listen and to be close to be close with educational institutions, the private sector and nongovernmental organizations: Does American government listen to others???? As Naeom Chomsky mentioned in his article, “Propaganda, American-style”, ‘The Vietnam War is a classic example of
- The same example can be shown in the Iraqi war, where the
People around the world including Moroccans, which are described as ‘rest of the world’ will be sceptical about any public diplomacy strategy and see at propaganda. Moreover, these people think that this propaganda is useless if the American foreign policy doesn’t change toward the Arab and Islamic world.
Conclusion:
One of the battle places of propaganda is the media where most of the public diplomacy practitioners or propagandists find a suitable place to execute their job. As was stated by Mohamad Abdssalam (phone interview), who is BBC and Reuters journalist, however is the news agency or the channel, any channel might serve each of the propagandists parties. To reflect more on this issue I invite you to share with me this video that was sent to me by Al Jazeera Journalist, Yosri Fouda:
Tuesday, November 6, 2007
PR: Consumer Relations
a. Building sales is the primary consumer relations objective.
b. Typical goals:
i. Keeping old customers
ii. Attracting new customers
iii. Marketing new items or services
iv. Expediting complaint handling
v. Reducing costs
a. Consumer-generated media encompasses the millions of consumer-generated comments, opinions, and personal experiences posted in publicly available online sources on a wide range of issues, topics, products, and brands.
b. For any marketer trying to be beard or to break through the clutter, understanding and managing CGM may be critical.
a. Research indicates that only a handful of dissatisfied customers will ever complain. But that means that there are many others with the same complaint who never say anything.
b. The office of the ombudsperson investigates complaints made against the company and its managers.
c. It provides a central location that customers can call to seek redress of grievances.
d. The ombudsperson monitors the difficulties customers are having with products.
e. They are in business to inspire customer confidence and to influence an organization’s behavior toward improved service.
The Consumer Movement
a. Legislation to protect consumers first emerged in the
b. Congress passed the Food and Drug Act and the Trade Commission Act
c. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
d. Consumers have their own bill of rights, containing four basic principles:
i. The right to safety
ii. The right to be informed
iii. The right to choose
iv. The right to be heard
a. Justice Department
b. Federal Trade Commission
c. Securities And Exchange Commission
d. Food and Drug Administration
e. Consumer Product Safety
f. Commission Office Of Consumer Affairs
Consumer Activists on the Internet
a. The most significant activity to keep companies honest has occurred on the internet
b. 1968, the Consumer Federation of America was created unify lobbying efforts for pro-consumer legislation.
c. The internet poses a hotbed of consumer activism
d. Internet activism uses Internet communications technologies to enable faster communications and coordination by citizen movements.
e. Internet activism has been criticized on grounds that it gives disproportionate access to affluent activists
f. The emergence of the consumer watchdog has generally been a positive development for consumers.
a. Consumer relations divisions have sprung up, either as separate entities or as part of public relations departments.
b. Companies have broadened the consumer relations function to encompass such activities as developing guidelines to evaluate services and products for management, developing consumer programs that meet consumer needs and increase sales, developing field-training programs, evaluating service approaches, and evaluating company effectiveness in demonstrating concern for customers.
c. Most consumer criticism can be modified with a prompt, personalized reply.
Thursday, October 25, 2007
PR: Employee Relations
Strong Employee Relations Equals Solid Organizations
a. 60 percent of corporate CEOs reported spending more of their time communication with employees
b. Importance of internal communication:
i. The wave of downsizings and layoffs because of technological change→ employees understand that they are expendable, no such thing as “lifetime employment”→ honest internal communication
ii. Widening gulf between the pay of senior officers and common workers
iii. Move toward globalization (geographically dispersed organizations)
iv. Companies that communicate effectively with their workers financially outperform those that don’t.
c. Most important asset= employees= intellectual capital
d. Evidence of a trust gap between management and workers→more effective employee communication narrows this gap
Dealing with the Employee Public
a. No such thing as the “general public”
b. A smart organization will try to differentiate messages according to the many segments in the employee public
c. Employees don’t know where they stand in the eyes of management→ lack understanding→ frustration and problems
Communicating Effectively in a
a. 5 principles
i. respect
ii. honest feedback
iii. recognition
iv. a voice
v. encouragement
b. Six criteria
i. Willingness to express dissent
ii. Visibility and proximity of upper management
iii. Priority of internal to external communication
iv. Attention to clarity
v. Friendly tone
vi. Sense of humor
Credibility: the Key
a. Trust in organization would increase if management
i. Communicate earlier and more frequently
ii. Demonstrate trust in employees by sharing bad news as ell as good
iii. Get employees involved in the process by asking for their ideas and opinions
b. Smart companies realize that well-informed employees are the organization’s best goodwill ambassadors.
c. Employees want to be treated as important parts of an organization
SHOC the troops
a. All communication must be strategic
b. All communication must be honest
c. All communication must be open
d. All communication must be consistent
Employee Communications Tactics
a. Internal Communication Audits: in-depth interviews with top management to know what it wants from the communications team and with communicators to know what it thinks management wants (objective analysis of the situation)
b. Online Communications has ushered in a whole new set of employee communication vehicles from e-mail to voice mail to tailored organizational intranets to individual blogs. Such vehicles
c. The Intranet: sites high in visual appeal but low in usefulness will likely be ignored. Prevention by:
i. Consider culture
ii. Set clear objectives and tthen let it evolve
iii. Treat it as a journalistic enterprise
iv. Market
v. Link to outside lives
vi. Senior management must commit
d. Print Publications
i. Assigning stories
ii. Enforcing deadlines
iii. Assigning photos
iv. Editing copy
v. Formatting copy
vi. Ensuring on-time publication
vii. Critiquing
e. Employee Annual Reports: factual, explaining the performance of the organization during the year, and informational, reviewing organizational changes and significant milestone during the year. Typical features:
i. Chief executive’s letter
ii. Use-of-funds statement
iii. Financial condition
iv. Description of the company
v. Social responsibility highlights
vi. Staff financial highlights
vii. Staff financial highlights
viii. Organizational policy
ix. Emphasis on people
f. Bulletin Boards: display of federally required information and policy data for such activities as fire drills and emergency procedures.
g. Suggestion Box and Town Hall Meetings: mounted on each floor and employees often anonymously, deposited their thoughts on how to improve the company and its processes and products. Feed back must be ensured
h. Internal Video
i. Face-to-face Communication: 90 % preferred source
The Grapevine:
rumors circling in the company (layoffs, closing) can hinder the internal communication; but implicating the workforce in decision making can avoid this phenomenon.
Strong Employee Relations Equals Solid Organizations
a. 60 percent of corporate CEOs reported spending more of their time communication with employees
b. Importance of internal communication:
i. The wave of downsizings and layoffs because of technological change→ employees understand that they are expendable, no such thing as “lifetime employment”→ honest internal communication
ii. Widening gulf between the pay of senior officers and common workers
iii. Move toward globalization (geographically dispersed organizations)
iv. Companies that communicate effectively with their workers financially outperform those that don’t.
c. Most important asset= employees= intellectual capital
d. Evidence of a trust gap between management and workers→more effective employee communication narrows this gap
Dealing with the Employee Public
a. No such thing as the “general public”
b. A smart organization will try to differentiate messages according to the many segments in the employee public
c. Employees don’t know where they stand in the eyes of management→ lack understanding→ frustration and problems
Communicating Effectively in a
a. 5 principles
i. respect
ii. honest feedback
iii. recognition
iv. a voice
v. encouragement
b. Six criteria
i. Willingness to express dissent
ii. Visibility and proximity of upper management
iii. Priority of internal to external communication
iv. Attention to clarity
v. Friendly tone
vi. Sense of humor
Credibility: the Key
a. Trust in organization would increase if management
i. Communicate earlier and more frequently
ii. Demonstrate trust in employees by sharing bad news as ell as good
iii. Get employees involved in the process by asking for their ideas and opinions
b. Smart companies realize that well-informed employees are the organization’s best goodwill ambassadors.
c. Employees want to be treated as important parts of an organization
SHOC the troops
a. All communication must be strategic
b. All communication must be honest
c. All communication must be open
d. All communication must be consistent
Employee Communications Tactics
a. Internal Communication Audits: in-depth interviews with top management to know what it wants from the communications team and with communicators to know what it thinks management wants (objective analysis of the situation)
b. Online Communications has ushered in a whole new set of employee communication vehicles from e-mail to voice mail to tailored organizational intranets to individual blogs. Such vehicles
c. The Intranet: sites high in visual appeal but low in usefulness will likely be ignored. Prevention by:
i. Consider culture
ii. Set clear objectives and tthen let it evolve
iii. Treat it as a journalistic enterprise
iv. Market
v. Link to outside lives
vi. Senior management must commit
d. Print Publications
i. Assigning stories
ii. Enforcing deadlines
iii. Assigning photos
iv. Editing copy
v. Formatting copy
vi. Ensuring on-time publication
vii. Critiquing
e. Employee Annual Reports: factual, explaining the performance of the organization during the year, and informational, reviewing organizational changes and significant milestone during the year. Typical features:
i. Chief executive’s letter
ii. Use-of-funds statement
iii. Financial condition
iv. Description of the company
v. Social responsibility highlights
vi. Staff financial highlights
vii. Staff financial highlights
viii. Organizational policy
ix. Emphasis on people
f. Bulletin Boards: display of federally required information and policy data for such activities as fire drills and emergency procedures.
g. Suggestion Box and Town Hall Meetings: mounted on each floor and employees often anonymously, deposited their thoughts on how to improve the company and its processes and products. Feed back must be ensured
h. Internal Video
i. Face-to-face Communication: 90 % preferred source
The Grapevine:
rumors circling in the company (layoffs, closing) can hinder the internal communication; but implicating the workforce in decision making can avoid this phenomenon.
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